Creatine Medical Research

Here is a partial list of some of the Scientific Journal studies on Creatine.
Almada, A., Mitchell, T, and Earnest, C. (19%). Impact of chronic creatine supplementation on serum enzyme concentrations. FASEB j 10(3):4567.

Balsom, P. D., Ekblom, B., Soderlund, K., Sjodin, B., and Hultman, E. (1993) Creatine supplementation and dynamic high-intensity intermittent exercise. Scand. 1. Meet Sci. Sports. 3:143-149.

Balsom, P D., Soderlund, K, & Ekblom, B. (1994). Creatine in humans with special reference to creatine supplementation. Sports Med, 18(4), 268-280.

Balsom, P D., Soderlund, K, Sjodin, B., & Ekblom, B. (1995). Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: influence of creatine supplementation. Acta Physiol Scand, 154(3), 303-310.

Birch, R., Noble, D., & Greenhaff, P L. (1994). The influence of dietary creatine supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of maximal isokinetic cycling in man. Eur I Appl Physiol, 69(3), 268-276.

Cooke, W H., Grandjeart, P W, & Bames, W S. (1995). Effect of oral creatine supplementation on power output and fatigue during bicycle ergometry. I Appl Physiol, 78(2), 670-673.

Eamest, C. P, Snell, P G., Rodriguez, R., Almada, A. L., & Mitchell, T. L. (1995). The effect of creatine monohydrate ingestion on anaerobic power indices, muscular strength and body composition. Acta Physiol Scand, 153(2), 207-209.

Earnest, C. P, Almada, A. L., & Mitchell, I L. (1995). High-performance capillary electrophoresis-pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women. Clin Sci (Colch), 91(l),113-118.

Field, M. L., Unitt, J. E, Radda, G. K, Henderson, C., & Seymour, A. M. (1991). Age-dependent changes in cardiac muscle metabolism upon replacement of creatine by beta- guarti- dinopropionic acid. Biochem Soc Trans, 19(2), 208S

Gordon, A., Hultman, E., Kaijser, L., Kristjansson, S., Roff, C. J., Nyquist, 0., & Sylven, C. (1995). Creatine supplementation in chronic heart failure increases skeletal muscle creatine phosphate and muscle performance. Cardiovasc Res, 30(3), 413-418.

Green, A. L., Hultman, E., Macdonald, 1. A., Sewell, D. A., & Greenhaff, P L. (1995). Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol, 271(5 Pt 1), E821-6.

Green, A. L., Simpson, E. J., Littlewood, J. J., MacDonald, 1. A., & Greenhaff, P L. (1996) Carbohydrate ingestion augments creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans. Acta Physiol Scand, 158:195-202.

Greenhaff, P L, Casey, A., Short, A. H., Harris, R., Soderlund, K, & Hultman, E. (1993). Influence of oral creatine supplementation of muscle torque during repeated bouts of maxi- mal voluntary exercise in man. Clin Sci (Colch), 84(5), 565-571.

Greenhaff, P L., Bodin, K., Soderlund, K., & Hultman, E. (1994). Effect of oral creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis. Am J Physiol, 266(5 Pt 1), E725-30.

Greenhaff, P L. (1995). Creatine and its application as an ergogenic aid. Int J Sport Nutr, 51, Suppl, S100-10.

Harris, R. C., Soderlund, K, & Hultman, E. (1992). Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation. Clin Sci (Colch), 83(3), 367-374.

Hellsten-Westing, Y, Norman, B., Balsom, P D., & Sjodin, B. (1993). Decreased resting levels of adenine nucleotides in human skeletal muscle after high-intensity training. I AppI Physiol, 74(5),2523-2528.

Hultman, E., Soderlund, K, Timmons, J. A., Cederblad, G., & Greenhaft, P L. (1996). Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol, 81(l), 232-237.

Kemp, G. J., Taylor, D. J., Radda, G. K., & Rajagopalan, B. (1992). Bio-energetic changes in human gastrocnernius muscle 1-2 days after strenuous exercise. Acta Physiol Scand, 146(l),11-14.

Kemp, G. J., & Radda, G. K. (1 993a). Control of intracellular concentrations of 'bioenergefic' metabolites in skeletal muscle. Biochern Soc Trans, 21(2),177S

Kemp, G. J., Taylor, D. J., & Radda, G. K (1993b). Control of phosphocreatine resynthesis during recovery from exercise in human skeletal muscle. NMR Biomed, 6(l),66-72.

Korge, P (1995a). Factors limiting adenosine triphosphatase function during high intensity exercise. Thermodynamic and regulatory considerations. Sports Med, 20(4), 215-225.

Korge, P., & Campbell, K. B. (1995b). The importance of ATPase microenvironment in muscle fatigue: a hypothesis. Int I Sports Med, 16(3), 172-179.

Kreider, R., Grindstaff, P, Wood, L., Bullen, D., Klesges, R., Lotz, D., Davis, M., Cantler, E.,& Almada, A. Effects of ingesting a lean mass-promoting supplement during resistance training on isokinetic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(5): Abstr. 214 (1996).

Kreider, R. B., Klesges, R., Harmon, K, Grindstaff, P, Ramsey, L., Bullen, D., Wood, L., Li, Y, & Almada, A. (19%). Effects of ingesting supplements designed to promote lean tissue accretion on body composition during resistance trainffig. Int I Sport Nutr 6(3), 234-246.

Maughan, R. J. (1995). Creatine supplementation and exercise performance. Int J Sport Nutr, 5(2),94-101.

McCann, D. J., Mole, P A., & Caton, J. R (1995). Phosphocreatine kinetics in humans during exercise and recovery Med So Sports Exerr, 27(3), 378-389.

Redondo, D. R., Dowling, E. A., Graham, B. L., Almada, A. L., & Williams, M. H. (1996). The effect of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on running velocity Int I Sport Nutr, 6(3), 213-221.

Sahlin, K, Harris, R. C., & Hultrnan, E. (1975). Creatine kinase equilibrium and lactate con- tent compared with muscle pH in tissue samples obtained after isometric exercise. Biochem 152(2),173-180.

Sahhn, K, Harris, R. C., & Hultman, E. (1979). Resynthesis of creatine phosphate in human muscle after exercise in relation to intramuscular pH and availability of oxygen. Scand I Clin Lab Invest, 39(6), 551-558.

Shoubridge, E. A., Jeffry, F M, Keogh, J. M., Radda, G. K., & Seymour, A. M. (1985b). Creatine kinase kinetics, ATP turnover, and cardiac performance in hearts depleted of creatine with the substrate analogue beta-guanidinopropionic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta, 847(l), 25-32.

Sipila, L, Rapola, J., Simell, 0., & Vannas, A. (1981). Supplementary creatine as a treatment for gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. N Engl I Med, 304(15), 867-870.

Stroud, M. A., Holliman, D., Bell, D., Green, A. L., Macdonald, 1. A., & Greenhaff, P L. (1994). Effect of oral creatine supplementation on respiratory gas exchange and blood lactate accumulation during steady-state incremental treadmill exercise and recovery in man. Clin Sci (Colch), 97(6),707-710.

Teodosiu, D., Howell, S., Hultman, E., & Greenhaff, P L (1994). Creatine ingestion favorably affects performance and muscle metabolism during maximal exercise in humans. Am I Physiol, 271(l Pt 1), E31-7.

Walker, J. B. (1979). Creatine: biosynthesis, regulation, and function. Adv Enzynol Relat Areas Mol Biol, 50,177-242.

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